Free American Government Flashcards about AP Gov Po. Chapter 5

Due process is the legal concept that prohibits random or arbitrary governmental action; it is one of the rationales for applying the Bill of Rights to the states, along with the equal protection clause. Reformers argued that Members of Parliament and other elected officials should represent citizens equally, and that each voter should be entitled to exercise the vote once in an election. Successive Reform Acts by 1950 had both extended the franchise eventually to almost all adult citizens , and also reduced and finally eliminated plural voting for Westminster elections. Plural voting for local-government elections outside the City of London was not abolished until the Representation of the People Act 1969.

Therefore, as on today, it would be unrealistic and unwise to discourage private initiative in providing educational facilities, particularly for higher education. The private sector should be involved and indeed encouraged to augment the much needed resources in the field of education, thereby making as much progress as possible in achieving the constitutional goals in this respect. It could be concluded that the private colleges are the felt necessities of time. That does not mean one should tolerate the “so-called colleges” run in thatched huts with hardly any equipment, with no or improvised laboratories, scarce facility to learn in an unhealthy atmosphere, far from conducive to education.

Such petition shall specify each ground upon which the petitioner relies in seeking such relief, and may be based upon any failure of such demand to comply with the provisions of this title or with the limitations generally applicable to compulsory process or upon any constitutional or other legal right or privilege of such person. No objection which is not raised by such a petition may be urged in the defense to a proceeding initiated by the Commission under subsection for enforcement of such a demand unless such proceeding is commenced by the Commission prior to the expiration of the twenty-day period, or unless the court determines that the defendant could not reasonably have been aware of the availability of such ground of objection. Civil liberties and civil rights are two distinct categories. A civil liberty is typically freedom to do something, usually to exercise a right; a civil right is typically freedom from some-thing, such as discrimination.

The Establishment Clause protects Americans from the creation of a government-sponsored religion, while the Free Exercise Clause guarantees that Americans can practice the religion of their choice without undue interference from the government. Homophobia-fear and hatred of homosexuals- has many causes; some being very powerful. Such attitudes continue to characterize a large segment of the american public despite some changes over the past few years.

The more people interviewed, the more confident one can be of the results. This section shall not apply to contempts committed in the presence of the court, or so near thereto as to obstruct the administration of justice, nor to the misbehavior, misconduct, or disobedience of any officer of the court in respect to writs, orders, or process of the court. No person shall be convicted of criminal contempt hereunder unless the act or omission constituting such contempt shall have been intentional, as required in other cases of criminal contempt. All officers, agents, attorneys, and employees of the Commission shall be subject to the provisions of section 9 of the Act of August 2, 1939, as amended , notwithstanding any exemption contained in such section. The Commission shall, in any of its educational or promotional activities, cooperate with other departments and agencies in the performance of such educational and promotional activities. The term “parent” as used in this section includes any person standing in loco parentis.

The federal civil rights laws have helped bring about profound changes in American education and improved the educational opportunities of millions of students. Many barriers that once prevented minorities, women, individuals with disabilities, and older persons from freely choosing the educational opportunities and careers they would like to pursue have been eliminated. As we continue to work for the effective enforcement of the civil rights laws, it is important that we also look at the impact of the laws on students facing discrimination who attend our elementary and secondary schools and colleges and universities. About by a combination of circumstances, namely the enactment of Section 3-A, the allotment of students to the extent of 50% only by the convenor and the failure of the Government to immediately rectify the misunderstanding of the convenor.

It is open to the private educational institutions to charge as much amount as they can for admission. It will be a matter of bargain between the institution and akbar v body the student seeking admission. Reliance is then placed upon the Seven Judge Bench decision in Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board v. Rajappa, 3 S.C.R. 207.

It is made clear that only those institutions which seek permission to establish and/or recognition and/or affiliation from the appropriate authority shall alone be made bound by this scheme. This scheme is not applicable to colleges run by Government or to University colleges. In short, the scheme hereinafter mentioned shall be made a condition of permission, recognition or affiliation, as the case may be. For each of them viz., grant of permission, grant of recognition, grant of affiliation, these conditions shall necessarily be imposed, in addition to such other conditions as the appropriate authority may think appropriate.

Separation of black and white in establishment and public transportation but not written in law. The Court upheld the decision of a district judge ruling that a plan, which assigned pupils to the nearest neighborhood school without regard to race, was inadequate and that the school district had to bus some students to more distant schools to achieve a greater degree of integration. It set the guidelines for all subsequent cases involving school segregation. Any civil action brought under subsection and any proceedings brought under subsection shall be subject to appeal as provided in sections 1291 and 1292, title 28, United States Code. Nothing contained in this title shall apply to any business or enterprise on or near an Indian reservation with respect to any publicly announced employment practice of such business or enterprise under which a preferential treatment is given to any individual because he is an Indian living on or near a reservation. “School board” means any agency or agencies which administer a system of one or more public schools and any other agency which is responsible for the assignment of students to or within such system.